Global Warming And Global Climate Change - 1354 Words

It is becoming a less and less contested issue that global climate change is a significant issue. When the idea of global warming first burst onto the main stage in the late 20th century, a majority of Americans were skeptical. Many of the predictions that the original scientists made proved to be incorrect, and often the scientific methods the scientists used were faulty. Since the early stages though, the science behind global climate change has gotten better. We now have more data and better models that are more accurate at computing results and predicting outcomes. That and the widespread support of the scientific community has helped shift the paradigm of how Americans view global climate change. A recent 2016 poll showed that 70% of Americans now believe climate change is a real issue. There is no doubt that if the climate change believers are right, the impact climate change can cause will be devastating. NASA predicts that climate change will cause massive draughts, intense hurricanes, and the average sea level to rise by up to 4 feet. There is no question that all of these results would be terrible, the question is what is causing them? The answer may not be as simple as we think. Most Americans would cite burning fossil fuels as the sole contributor to global climate change. While fossil fuels do play an enormous role, they are not the only contributing factor. Food, yes food, is actually one of the leading causes of global climate change. It is a problem thatShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming : A Global Climate Change1457 Words   |  6 Pageshappened by global warming like, increasing the temperature degrees, and melting the snow mountains around the word. However, global warming has played a major role in changing the weather all over the world. The climate change all over the world is a proof that the weather conditions are changing. Global warming has made some of the hottest land cold now and the countries that never had a summer in millenniums are now having sunlight regularly. These are the basic changes that signify that global warmingRead MoreGlobal Warming : Global Climate Change1209 Words   |  5 PagesBrooke Bogan Carol Dale, M.Ed. 1301 Dual Credit English IV November 4, 2015 WA #6- Global Climate Change Global climate change is a topic that had been hotly debated across the country for years. Though not many people believe it, scientists have proved the global warming is in fact partly caused by man. The greenhouse effect is gradually increasing the temperature of the earth because humans are constantly burning natural gases and oils, greenhouse gases being trapped in the atmosphere, deforestationRead MoreGlobal Climate Change : The Global Warming1472 Words   |  6 PagesThe Global Climate Change Currently when human life is growing, human activities impact on the environment and climate to lead to global climate change. Climate change is a problem of the whole world, and that is the big challenge for human kind. So what is climate change? Evolution of how it? Climate change is the change of weather, climate, may be due to human or natural causes. The specific expression that we often hear about is the phenomenon does not stop warming the earth, the greenhouse effectRead MoreGlobal Warming And Global Climate Change1139 Words   |  5 Pages The topic of global climate change has been a much debated topic over the years. There is no real scientific consensus on global warming. However, much destruction has happened to the earth that questions the scientific or empirical link between extreme weather and global climate change. There are a lot of events that happens around the globe such as floods, increased precipitation, sea-level rise, and hurricanes that questions the theory of global climate change. Without any clear cut evidenceRead MoreGlobal Warming And Global Climate Change1531 Words   |  7 PagesIn the last twenty years, the issues surrounding global climate change have become increasingly dominant in the international community, as the implications associated with the global issue pose many threats to the environment and humanity as a whole. Beginning in the 1970’s, scientific research regarding pollution led scientists to discover that chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s) where destroying the ozone layer , posing threats to plant and animal life, and humans as a rise in skin cancer followed. LuckilyRead MoreGlobal Climate Change : The Global Warming1633 Words   |  7 PagesThe Global Climate Change Currently, when human life is growing, human activities play an impact on the environment and climate, which leads to global climate change. Climate change is a problem of the whole world, and therefore remains a huge challenge for life on Earth. So what is climate change? Evolution of how it change? Climate change is caused by natural causes or by humans which possibly fluctuates the cycle of change in weather and climate. The specific expression that we often hear aboutRead MoreGlobal Climate Change And Global Warming1054 Words   |  5 Pagesreally isn t much of a secret that global climate change is happening. From the melting of the polar ice caps, to record severe temperatures, rise in natural disasters, rise in pollution, greater number of vector-borne and water borne illnesses, and much more. Unless there is something done to change the current technology being used to provide energy to the human population global climate change will only continue to get worse. Climate chang e is the biggest global health threat of the 21st centuryRead MoreGlobal Warming And Global Climate Change1565 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal warming and global climate change has been a consistent news headline and global topic for the past two decades. From a political standpoint, there has been great debate as to whether or not humans are completely to blame, partially to blame, or to blame at all for the changes we are seeing in the Earth’s climate. However, from a scientific perspective, this is not the case. From the Kyoto Protocol, to dummy-downed explanation like in Al Gore’s â€Å"An Inconvenient Truth†, to NASA’s comprehensiveRead MoreGlobal Warming And Global Climate Change Essay1589 Words   |  7 Pagesdata necessary to identify Amazon’s global carbon emissions. The Earth’s climate has been rapidly warming for the past several decades due to the burning of fossil fuels, with the subsequent release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases (GHG). Global climate change has already caused glaciers and sea ice to melt, plant and animal ranges to shift, sea level rise to accelerate, oceans to acidify, and droughts and heat waves to intensify. Indeed, climate change can be considered to be the main threatRead MoreGlobal Warming And Climate Change974 Words   |  4 Pagesabout global warming, whether it is true or false. Is there evidence to prove that global warming has impacted the climate due to the rise in the earth’s temperature? Climate change is a problem that is worldwide that should be reviewed. The rise in the earth’s temperature has caused some impact to the weather and climate changes to many places worldwide. This rise in temperature has the potential of causing drastic changes to the earth in many ways. It is time to view the global warming concerns

Kelloggs vintage ad Free Essays

In the early sass’s, a well-known cereal brand, Kellogg, put out an advertisement for a new product it was producing, vitamins. The ad shows a well-dressed husband standing with his wife, both of whom look happy. The man Is wearing a suit, and the woman Is dressed to clean with her apron on and hand duster. We will write a custom essay sample on Kelloggs vintage ad or any similar topic only for you Order Now The ad shows the husband saying, â€Å"So the harder a wife works, the cuter she looks. † On the bottom right hand side, you see a little comic of the husband and wife again speaking to each other. The husband says, â€Å"Gosh, honey, you seem to thrive on cooking, cleaning and dusting and I am all tuckered out by closing time. What’s the answer? ‘ The wife responds, â€Å"Vitamins, darling! I always get my vitamins. † This ad is trying to portray the man as hard working and tired, but a woman who, though she is also hard working, isn’t tired, and is ready to please her man when he comes home. Kellogg is using sex appeal and gender roles to attract its consumers; however, this ad would be ineffective today because of its use of logos, ethos, and pathos. Back in the sass’s, it is known that woman were the ones that did all the cooking and cleaning throughout the house, while the husband went to work. In the Kellogg ad you see a woman that Is ready to clean and a man who has Just returned from work. The ad Is portraying a man holding his wife from behind saying â€Å"So the harder a wife works, the cuter she looks! † On the bottom right hand side of the ad you see the husband and wife again, this time facing each other, but again he is holding her. With the husband asking his wife how she seems to thrive on the cooking and cleaning because by the end of the day of work he is all tuckered out. The wife answers by saying, â€Å"Vitamins, Darling I always get my vitamins. † You get the idea that the woman will always be ready for the man. Especially with the way the husband is holding onto her. You can also get a glimpse of the gender roles that are being viewed. During that era woman had to stay home and maintain the house while the man went to work to make the money. On the left hand side of the ad, there is a tiny Image of a Kellogg PEP cereal box. By looking at the ad you would not know It was supposed to be about cereal. When looking at an advertisement you indirectly come across three approaches to the argument; logos, ethos, and pathos. When you look for the logos you are looking for the reason, or logic, behind the ad and what is making it appeal to the reader. Looking at the vintage Kellogg ad, there are bold letters at the bottom saying, â€Å"Vitamins for pep! Pep for vitamins. † By reading that statement you want to assume that you are looking at an ad for vitamins. If you were to take your vitamins, then you would have the energy that you would need to do your daily tasks, and to also please your husband. The logic would not work today because taking vitamins does not give you substantial health benefits. It is more like that placebo effect, in which people believe that it is doing something for you, but in the long run it is not doing anything t all. Ethos Is the credibility of the ad, so you are looking for the reputation, experience, and Its values of the advertiser. The ad Is showing how Kellogg PEP Is a good source for energy Like vitamins. So you can see that the brand of Kellogg and the reliability of vitamins are an excellent source of nutritional supplement. The brand of Kellogg and the belief that vitamins could give you what your regular diet you the energy that you were made to believe once did. Pathos is the emotion ad is portraying. It uses feelings, desires, and fear to influence your reader. The woman in he picture looks energetic and ready to go do the cooking and all the household chores, such as laundry, dishes, dusting, mopping, etc. The wife feels better than the man after a long day of hard work, and that she is ready to go to please him. With the wife having all the energy, she will be able to perform the acts that her husband desires to make him happy. The pathos would not work today because women do not just stay home and cook and clean. Today woman have more say in the way things are done. Kellogg used ethos, logos, and pathos to attract their consumers. Kellogg sees the idea of taking your vitamins as a supplement to give you energy to do your household chores, and for the woman to please her man. They are using sex appeal to attract more consumers. In that time woman were only allowed to wear dresses to look sexier. The ethos, logos, and pathos would not work today because of their use of sex appeal and gender roles. Today, women are able to go to work and not Just be a stay at home wife. Women have more options. By looking at the advertisement, you would not know that it was about Kellogg if it did not have the little logo box in the bottom left corner. How to cite Kelloggs vintage ad, Papers

Integrated Marketing Communication Plan Clothing Company

Question: Discuss about theIntegrated Marketing Communication Plan for Clothing Company. Answer: Background of the Company and Products: The clothing industry has been experiencing robust growth in recent years. Due to the increased demand, most of the clothing organizations have been expanding their business into the large domestic areas (Yeshin 2012). Sometimes, the clothing organizations face challenges in understanding the trends of the current market. Hence, most of the business analysts have agreed with the fact that the clothing industry must follow the current market trends in order to identify the demand of the business (Franklin 2016). Being an integrated marketing communication manager, in this context, I will discuss the IMC plan for a clothing company that is planning to start their venture in Australia. The name of the company is Fashion Zone. This particular business is a partnership based trade. As the particular business is a start-up venture, the management of the business needs to analysis the existing market before entering into the venture. The prime focus of the company is to include the diverse range of clothes for every age. However, the owner of the business have discussed that they will start the business by focusing on youth customers, as they firmly believe that youth audience can facilitate in accumulating major profit. Products: Fashion Zone will include a wide range of clothing collection for both men and women. Moreover, there will be the high availability of the kids wear also. In the mens department, the products include jeans, trousers, traditional wear, formal wear, shirts, t-shirts, etc. On the other hand, the female products will involve the traditional and modern collection. Besides this, the Fashion Zone will also focus on the size, availability, colors and style of the products. The management of the organization identifies the fact that the enhanced product quality will facilitate them in attracting huge customers base in the business. Objectives: The prime objective of the company is to become one of the top three small clothing companies in Australia. Within the 2nd quarter, the company will try to increase its sales by 15%. Being an integrated marketing communication manager, I can assess that the company needs to apply unique strategies into the business for competing with the existing organizations in the market. According to the directors of the company, Fashion Zone will try to enhance its products awareness by 60% of the targeted audiences. Besides this, the company will try to achieve 40% sales profit in the business. Hence, the discussed objectives can be summarized as following: To enhance the sales of the trade by 15% within 2nd quarter To improve the product awareness by 60% of the targeted audiences To achieve 40% sales profit by the end of 1st year Target Audience Segment Analysis: Fashion Zone is a retail clothing company having a wide range of products for men, women, and kids. The management of the company has discussed that the prime focus of the business will be on the youth customers. The company needs to analyze the current market trends for understanding the demands of the youth. However, the company will also include a wide range of clothing for middle-aged women. For instance, there are a huge number of female baby boomers in Australia (Shimp and Andrews 2012). Besides targeting youth and middle-aged women, the company also focuses on targeting kids. The particular company will differentiate the products into various sections including party wear, festival wear, formal wear and casual wear. Being an integrated marketing communication manager, I would like to highlight the fact that the company will uphold a decent pricing system. According to the management of the organization, fashion zone would provide high discounts on the different product segment . Communication Objectives: Fashion Zone is a start-up venture. As a new business, the particular company has several communication objectives. These objectives include the development of brand awareness, advertisement of new products and services, influencing the buying intention, development of product image, etc (Blakeman 2014). In this context, the important communication objectives will be discussed. Advertisement of Products and Services: By discussing the new trends in business, it can be accessed that product promotion is one of the major factors for organizational success. As a new start-up business, the particular organization needs to promote their wide range of products to the large demographic market. Being an integrated marketing communication manager, I can assess that the company may not be able to improve the sales activity without implementing effective promotional strategies into the business. The prime focus of the company is to deliver the high quality products at an affordable price. For advertising the products, the company will utilize different media vehicles including social media, digital media, printing media, etc. Influence the Target Audience: The target audience of the company is youth. Hence, the company needs to promote the products the youth audiences for enhancing the sales revenues. The management of the organization has discussed that the company will deliver high quality products at low cost. Consequently, it will facilitate the company in engaging the youth audiences. By implementing enhanced marketing strategies into the business, the company will be able to identify their targeted customers. Develop Brand Awareness: Brand value is one of the major factors that facilitate any organization in enhancing the business opportunity in an effective manner (Percy 2014). At the initial stage, Fashion Zone would face huge challenges in executing business due to existing competitors. With The involvement of Brand awareness program, the company will be able to spread product information to the large demographic areas as well as international platform. The company would not be able to obtain the customers loyalty in an effective manner. Moreover, the brand awareness is responsible for retargeting the audience of the business. Creative Advertisement Style: Over the past few years, most of the organizations have been trying to implement creative advertisement style into the business (Castronovo and Huang 2012). In this context, the clothing organization named fashion zone would employ popular face from the fashion industry for promoting the particular brand into the large marketplace. The prime focus of the company is to target the youth audience. Consequently, the company can engage a youth model from the fashion industry to attract the youth audiences. The particular organization will provide all details about the product to the selected model. The prime communication objective of the company indicates the enhancement of sales by 15% in the second quarter. Therefore, it can be assessed that fashion zone is required to implement promotional strategies for obtaining a lucrative gain in the business. On the other hand, the organization aims to experience 40% sales profit by the end of the first financial year. A wide range of promotional activities would facilitate the Fashion Zone in achieving the goals and objectives of the company. Development of the Media Plan: In the recent years, most of the clothing companies have been enhancing their business opportunities by developing a media plan (Schultz, Patti and Kitchen 2013). For the development of the media plan, organizations can use a wide range of business tools including frequency card programs, search engine optimization, follow up method, video promotion, etc (Ivanov 2012). There are several promotional strategies available such as social media promotion, customer referral incentive program, digital media, printing media promotion. With the involvement of these promotional strategies, organizations could easily read the product knowledge the large marketplace (Reinold and Tropp 2012). In this context, the Fashion Zone would utilize the effective media vehicle for advertising the products to the audiences. Social Media Promotion: Nowadays, the social media is one of the integral parts of the business, as it facilitates the organization in spreading the product information within a short timeframe. Social media contributes the new organizations in enhancing their popularity in an effective manner (Yeboah and Atakora 2013). Most of the small and medium organizations have been utilizing the social media for promoting their individual business to the domestic as well as international market. In this context, the particular clothing company named Fashion Zone would focus on employing the different social media platforms for enhancing the brand awareness. Nowadays, Facebook and google+ are the most used social Medias for promotional activities. These platforms provide adequate opportunities to the organizations in advertising their products in a relaxed environment. Most of the business analysts have agreed with the fact that the social networking sites not only a cost-effective platform but also a potential busine ss tool that indeed facilitates in enhancing the business opportunities of the companies (Brunello 2013). Being an integrated marketing manager, I can advise the organization to employ the social media for promotional activities so that the company would be able to avoid extra promotional costs. Video Promotion: Over the past few years, video promotion has also been influencing the buying behavior of the customer (Shani and Chalasani 2013). Although the video promotion is not cost-effective like social media promotion, it has the huge potentiality to enhance the business opportunities in an efficient manner. Nowadays, the online video streaming is very popular, and most of the youth audience use this particular features for obtaining updates in an easy manner (Barker 2013). For instance, the YouTube video promotion is a trend of new businesses. In this context, the organization called Fashion Zone will target the youth audience. Hence, the particular organization could promote their products through video promotion, as it would facilitate them in targeting the youth audiences. It has been discussed previously that the prime aim of the company is to target the youth audience. Subsequently, the social media promotion and online video promotion would be the best-fit solutions for the organization to attract the youth audiences in an efficient manner. It has been seen that the youth audiences have the tendency to frequently connect with the social Medias like Facebook, Twitter, and Google+, etc. Hence, the engagement of these promotional vehicles would facilitate the organization called Fashion Zone in achieving the goals and objectives of the business. Figure: Media vehicle(s) for promotion (Source: Kotler et al. 2015) Measurement of the IMC Plan and its Effectiveness: In this context, the organization has some goals and objectives such as enhancing the sales volume by 40%. Besides this, the organization will also focus on enhancing the sales by 15% by the end of 2nd quarter. According to the management, the particular organization would not be able to achieve the objectives of the business without implementing unique promotional activities. For measuring the integrated market communication plan, Fashion Zone can prepare a survey form for obtaining responses to their promotional activities (Kim and Ko 2012). Being an integrated marketing communication manager, I would like to highlight the fact that the survey process would be the best-fit solution for identifying the outcome of the promotional activities. The target audience of Fashion Zone is Youth. Therefore, the promotional team must involve the youth audiences for conducting the survey process. By involving the youth customers, the organization would be able to identify the current market tren ds in an effective manner. Besides this, the survey process can also involve the middle-aged women, who will provide their individual feedback in the survey process. In this context, the social media and online video promotion have been discussed, as it would be the prime promotional vehicle for the company. Hence, the measurement of the social media promotion can be easily executed through the implementation of a monitoring process. Being an integrated marketing communication manager, I can assess that the monitoring system would facilitate the organization in identifying the progress of the implemented promotional strategies in the business. The objective of the business is to enhance the sales margin by 15% by the end of 2nd quarter. Hence, the outcome of the promotional activities can be identified by analyzing of the annual report of the business. Asides this, the organization could build a team for monitoring their social media and activities (Parente and Strausbaugh-Hutchinson 2014). By accumulating suggestions and feedbacks from the Social sites, the management would be able to understand the key development areas of the business. Moreove r, the suggestions would facilitate the management in understanding the current market trends in an efficient manner. Hence, it can be assessed that the organization called Fashion Zone can easily measure the IMC plan by following above discussed strategies. References Barker, R., 2013. Strategic integrated communication: An alternative perspective of integrated marketing communication?.Communicatio,39(1), pp.102-121. Blakeman, R., 2014.Integrated marketing communication: creative strategy from idea to implementation. Rowman Littlefield. Brunello, A., 2013. The relationship between integrated marketing communication and brand equity.International Journal of Communication Research,3(1), p.9. Castronovo, C. and Huang, L., 2012. Social media in an alternative marketing communication model.Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness,6(1), p.117. Franklin, L., 2016. Integrated Marketing Communications. Ivanov, A.E., 2012. The Internets impact on integrated marketing communication.Procedia Economics and Finance,3, pp.536-542. Kim, A.J. and Ko, E., 2012. Do social media marketing activities enhance customer equity? An empirical study of luxury fashion brand.Journal of Business Research,65(10), pp.1480-1486. Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L. and Armstrong, G., 2015.Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Parente, D. and Strausbaugh-Hutchinson, K., 2014.Advertising campaign strategy: A guide to marketing communication plans. Cengage Learning. Percy, L., 2014.Strategic integrated marketing communications. Routledge. Reinold, T. and Tropp, J., 2012. Integrated marketing communications: How can we measure its effectiveness?.Journal of Marketing Communications,18(2), pp.113-132. Schultz, D., Patti, C.H. and Kitchen, P.J., 2013.The evolution of integrated marketing communications: The customer-driven marketplace. Routledge. Shani, D. and Chalasani, S., 2013. Exploiting niches using relationship marketing.Journal of Services Marketing. Shimp, T.A. and Andrews, J.C., 2012.Advertising promotion and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Cengage Learning. Yeboah, A. and Atakora, A., 2013. Integrated Marketing Communication: How Can It Influence Customer Satisfaction?. Yeshin, T., 2012.Integrated marketing communications. Routledge.

Shen Kua Essays (657 words) - Technical Writers, Ethnographers

Shen Kua Astronomer, Shen Kua was born in China in the year 1026. His family had an unbroken tradition of being civil servants. Thus his father was a local administrator of many posts from Szechwan in the west to the international port of Amoy. At Sixteen years old Shen Kua left his home to travel with his father from post to post. While traveling with his father, Shen Kua learned the responsibilities of a local administrator. These responsibilities include a broad range of technical and managerial problems in public works, finance, improvement of agriculture, and maintenance of waterways. In 1051 his father died and after a two year mourning period Shen Kua received his first appointment as a local administrator at the age of twenty two. Soon after his appointment he showed his skill in ability to plan by designing and overseeing a drainage and embankment system that reclaimed some hundred thousand acres of swampland for agriculture. A few years later he passed the national examinations and was assigned a post in Yangchow. While in Yangchow he impressed the Governor Chang Ch'u so much that he recommended that Shen be appointed to the department of Financial Administration. It was about this time that he began to study astronomy. His first works as an astronomer came when he set down clear explanations concerning the sphericity of the sun and the moon as proved by lunar phases, of eclipse limits and the retrogradation of the lunar nodes. These explanations gave the ability to visualize motions in space Which in the past was only best implicit in numerical procedures of traditional astronomy and seldomly discussed in technical writing. Because of this work Shen was given an additional appointed as director of the Astronomical Bureau. His first project as director was a major calendar reform. This reform started with a series of daily observations of the stars that lasted over five years. While these observations where being performed Shen realized the need for a major redesign of major astronomical instruments. The most significant change that Shen made was to the gnomon. The gnomon was still being used to measure the noon shadow and fix the solstices. Shen redesigned the armillary sphere that is used to make angular measurements, and the clepsydra which determines the time that observations are made. He improved the armillary sphere by improving the diameter of the naked eye sighting tube. Shen noticed that the polestar could no longer be seen in the sighting tube at night. He slowly widened the tube by using the plots of the polestar three times a night for three months to adjust the aim. His new calibration revealed that the tube was slightly three degrees off. The clepsydra also had calibration problems as well, in the past day and night were separately divided by hours. Shen realized that day and night hours were different from season to season. The time was read from float rods in an overflow-tank. Shen saw these problems and proposed a new design for these float tanks. Shen also made his mark in his discussions of solar, lunar, and eclipse phenomena. This by far was the most extraordinary of his cosmological hypothesis that accounts for variations in planetary motions that include retrogradation. Shen noted that the greatest planetary anamoloy happened near stationary points. He proposed a model that suggested that the planet moved in the shape of a willow leaf attached to one side of a periphery circle. The way the planets changed thier direction of motion in respect to the stars was explained by the travel from one point of the leaf to the other. This served the same purpose as the epicycle served in Europe Shen's writings were in part considered to be the highest achievement in traditional Chinese mathematical astronomy. After his impeachment from office at the age of fifty-one Shen moved to a small piece of land in the country. It was there that Shen completed three books and an atlas of China. One of these books was called "Brush Talks From The Dream Brook". This book includes some of Shen Kua's most elaborate ideas on such things as regularities underlying the phenomenal, technical skills, deliberations of materia medica, and many miscellaneous notes.

eaters of the dead essays

eaters of the dead essays In his novel, Eaters of the Dead, author Michael Crichton shows how the Volga Northmen were able to defeat their foes, the wendol, by using their intellect instead of their weapons. This is seen in four aspects. The theme of the novel is that physical courage is not enough to preserve your culture and lifestyle: intelligence and superior knowledge are absolutely essential. Conflict between the wendol and the Northmen shows which group has the intelligence to eliminate the other. Symbolism of wisdom, knowledge, and the lack of such things are used by Crichton to illustrate this moral. The juxtaposition of characters emphasizes the cleverness of the Volga Northmen compared to the Venden Northmen. The theme of the story is that applying intelligence and knowledge is essential in order to keep ones culture alive. A good proof of this is the lack of knowledge of Ahmad Ibn Fadlan, the narrator of the story. He is an Arab who "knows nothing of the ways of the world" (p. 77) because he has never truly experienced the world before that day, since he does not care for adventure. Having no experience with the world and having no knowledge, Ibn Fadlan slowly learns the Northmens way of life. In the end, felt he "had been born a Northman" (p. 152), having spent much time in their company and is no longer the coward he was when he started the trip. His lack of knowledge causes him to be a coward in battle, since he will be battling frightening, mysterious creatures. A better proof of this is that the wendol acts as if they are animals, which are unintelligent. The wendol makes "a low grunting sound, like the rooting of a pig" (p. 97), "have hair as long as a hairy dog" (p. 99), and wear the heads of dead animals as masks. They act as if they were brainless and cannot think of ways of attack on the Northmen. The only thing they can think of when they are losing is to retreat. Their ignorance to provide more guards at the second entrance...

Spring Break Yall! (How to Break Spring on a Budget)

Spring Break Yall! (How to Break Spring on a Budget) Spring Break Yall! (How to Break Spring on a Budget) WOO! SPRING BREAK! PROOFREADER PARTY! YEAH! SOMETHING ABOUT GOING WILD! OK, we’ll admit it, proofreaders are generally bookish, happier quietly reading a novel than running naked and screaming through the streets of Cancun while being cheered on by our peers. Were not entirely sure whats happening here, but its definitely not proofreading. Nevertheless, we’ve managed to come up with a few handy tips for the cash-strapped among you, as partying hard can be expensive. Pack Everything You Need Sure, it’s in the spirit of freedom and fun to leave the house with nothing but the clothes on your back, a plane ticket, your passport, some shades and a six-pack. However, if you end up paying for a camera, sunblock and everything else you need while away at tourist-resort prices, you might end up wishing you packed a suitcase. All the Fun is in the Journey Driving isn’t as quick as flying, but if you have a car, some friends to chip in for gas and some good music for the stereo it can be a fun (and relatively inexpensive) way to get where you’re going. If you cant even afford gas, a toy car and a map will have to do. Find Somewhere Cheap to Stay When booking somewhere to stay, go directly via the hotel’s website or ring them and book over the phone to cut out the middle-man fee. Booking in advance will also help, as rooms can become expensive if you wait too long. An even cheaper alternative is to holiday by house-sitting for someone. Just try not to break their stuff. Remember Your Student ID You might be leaving college behind for a while, but your student ID can be pretty useful during spring break; lots of companies offer a student discount, so it never hurts to ask. Make Your Own Food Buying a few groceries and making your own meals is always much cheaper than eating out at restaurants or ordering in, especially if you’re splitting the cost with friends. Don’t Go Anywhere If your budget doesn’t extend to travel and accommodation, dont worry; you can still have fun without going anywhere. Spring break is a great time to explore your town, catch up with old friends, throw a party or watch every single episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (actually, you might need more than a week for that last one). Alternatively, you could get a temp job, then spend the money you make on a vacation in the summer!

Political Parties and the Electoral Process Research Paper

Political Parties and the Electoral Process - Research Paper Example On the other hand, the republicans are adherent to conservative philosophy. Republicans hold that it is not the sole responsibility to care for every citizen even if it is charged with the responsibility of regulating and overseeing morality. Republicans believe on individual responsibility and minimal or no government interference on how people live their lives. Second, the republicans vehemently oppose the idea of abortion, which they perceive as murdering the fetus. On the other hand, the Democrats support abortion right, arguing that women should have the right to make preferred choices over what to do with their own bodies. Therefore, the republicans and the Democrats are pro-life and pro-choice respectively (Harrison, 2013). Third, republicans follow unilateralism ideology and believe that the United States should apply martial force without any help from other nations in case of security threat emergence. On the other hand, democrats believe that the united states need to work with strong alliances when acting in the international scene. Fourth, republicans accentuate power decentralization to states whereas democrats emphasize on high federalization. The democrats strongly believe that the federal government should have more power (Harrison, 2013). Despite the fact that third parties have been ever-present in the electoral process of the United States, they have never been successful at presidential elections. Third parties failure can be attributed to the fact that America’s two major parties (Democratic and Republican parties) have profound influence in the political system of the country. A two-party system has been the country’s political norm and most voters are accustomed to the two party system making third parties peripheral at the presidential level in the electoral process (Herrnson & Green, 2002). Third parties have therefore remained unfamiliar concept to voters

Deforestation and Malaria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Deforestation and Malaria - Essay Example Necessity is the mother of invention. A saying that is proved over the years many times. Each time man was in need of some thing there was a gadget or a service that made his life comfortable. A statement that could strongly challenge the one said above is â€Å"The greed of man for more things has always led to his own destruction.† This desire for luxury has disturbed the chemistry between man and nature. Another important aspect is that of Health. Health happens to be the most important asset for man and that is something which is mostly neglected. These human activities that disturb the balance in nature are in some or the other way responsible for many Health related issues. Formal Definitions: Deforestation and Malaria The phenomena of clearing forests for acquiring land for various purposes like pasture, urban usage or water logged land is known as Deforestation. (Williams M, 2006) Deforestation is the antonym of Reforestation, a practice that increases the forest area. Deforestation has a detrimental effect on the Environment. The clearing of major portions of forest cover had led to a reduced bio-diversity. This activity of removal of forest cover has a direct effect on the environment’s climate and geography. The direct causes for deforestation are livestock herding and forest fires. (Williams, M, 2006) Along with it, a few indirect causes like Edge effect and habitat fragmentation also contribute for deforestation. The rate at which the amount of forest cover (both tropical rain forests and tropical dry forests) is decreasing is quite high. This is an alarming sign and directly points to possible loss of bio-diversity. Harmful effects of deforestation include reduction in amount of water in soil, moisture in atmosphere, land slides, precipitation reduction and flash flooding. (Williams, M, 2006) The only reason for all these effects is the excessive usage of resources by human beings to satisfy their desires. Deforestation on a Global scale Malaria is counted as one of the dreadful diseases as it affects around 300 million people on an average every year and consumes the lives of around 3 million people. (whqlibdoc.who.org, 2005) It is a vector borne disease caused by mosquito biting. It is quite common in tropical and sub tropical regions. A protozoan named plasmodium is responsible for this disease. (Cox F, 2002)The groups of plasmodium parasites that affect human beings are plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium ovale, plasmodium malariee and Knowles. All these are known as malarial parasites. They are transmitted into human body through female anopheles mosquito. Whenever they bite human beings, this parasite is injected into the body and it eats the red blood cells causing nausea, fever, illness and in severe cases coma and death. Symptoms of this disease include shivering, joint pains, vomiting and fever. (Cox F 2002) The breeding place for mosquitoes is water logging areas. Areas where the temperatur e is quite high and water is stagnated for a long period of time, the spreading of this disease is common. Mosquito repellents and mosquito nets can be used to get protection from this disease.

Laid-Back Parenting Essay Example for Free

Laid-Back Parenting Essay Erin Zammett Ruddy wrote the article â€Å"The New Laid-Back Parenting† where she identifies whether a parent can exercise laid-back parenting efficiently in a hover-parenting culture and not take it to the extent of neglect. Practicing laid-back parenting has its challenges where it is tempting for the parent to snap back into an overly involved mode. Some people who do not practice the laid-back parenting method may frown upon it. The author presents an interesting perspective on how the use of a less hovering approach to parenting allows a child to be independent, confident and resourceful individuals in the future. â€Å"The New Laid-Back Parenting† article demonstrates that over-involved parenting can have a negative influence, later on in a child’s life. Hence, the child is not able to handle certain situations on their own without the help of their parents trying to do everything for them. Subsequently, the child is completely dependent on their parents for decision making and other issues. This is in contrast to the laid-back parenting approach where it encourages a child to think and do things independently, to a certain extent. The article explains how a parent can live a balanced lifestyle which involves being a parent, spouse and enjoying leisure at the same time. Also, the article gives an illustration of when the use of laid-back parenting has gone too far by the parent. Given these points, the author seems in favor of laid-back parenting as being the most fit, when raising a child. Early on in the article, the author provides quotes from historian Pamela Haag Ph.D. Haag states, that parenting, Its something you do intensively, rather than a status you have† (Ruddy, 2013). This source is reputable  because it is coming from someone who has their PhD in cultural history, who most likely spends years studying the role of a parent in various cultures. This statement relates to the author’s topic and serves as a support to the argument which makes it relevant and consistent with the article. Another fact that the author mentions is, â€Å"Indeed, a new study at the University of Mary Washington found that over-involved parenting, which can extend well into young adulthood, may even be damaging long-term†(Ruddy,2013). The source that the author uses is credible due to the fact that the study was done at the Washington University. However, if the author had included a few more Universities that have conducted the same study and arrived at a simil ar conclusion that hovering parenting results in negative effects on a child’s life, it would create more proof for the article. Moreover, the author provides the evidence that over-involved parenting is least effective when raising a child. Overall, the author’s use of facts re-enforces and supports the article stance on laid-back parenting. An opinion is clearly stated, when the author explains that â€Å"‘Parent’ is a verb rather than a noun today(Ruddy,2013) This opinion enforces the idea and function of what parenting is by emphasizing and comparing the role of parenting in the author’s point of view. The explanation gives support that parenting is a responsibility. Also, â€Å"Less parenting means more ‘you’ time† is an outlook the author uses to convey a balance life of being a parent. Still, it seems as if the author uses laid-back parenting as a convenient way to do other things, other than being a parent. Thus, the author appears to be somewhat selfish in her thoughts. Nevertheless, the opinion is supported by how less hovering results in more time to do other activities in her life. Also, the points of view provided by parents who practice laid-back parenting functions as an opinion and provide support for the article. However, this seems bias because the author did not include the views of parents who do not practice laid-back parenting. In all, the author expresses her view points and how beneficial it is to promote less over-involved parenting. In conclusion, the author relates her idea of parenting and lean towards laid-back parenting as being the most effective method when raising a child.  The author believes that this type of parenting will have a positive impact on children as they progress into adulthood. A Less hovering parenting style results into sheer benefits for both the parent and child. As a result parents have more time to incorporate other activities in their lives while the child is learning to face life challenges independently and efficiently. Reference RUDDY, E. (2013). THE NEW LAID-BACK PARENTING. Parenting School Years, 27(6), 47-48

Unilever :: essays research papers

Unilever's Path to Growth Strategy: Is it Working 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What are the chief elements of Unilever’s diversification strategy? Is Unilever pursuing a multicountry or a global strategy? What aspects of the strategy do you like? What aspects of the strategy are you skeptical about and why? 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Did Unilever pay too much to acquire SlimFast? Is there any reason to believe that SlimFast might be a better performer as part of Unilever than it would be a standalone enterprise? Explain. Is SlimFast a good strategic fit, given that there are no other important diet products in Unilever’s product/brand portfolio? 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is going on at SlimFast in 2003? Why are sales nose-diving? What can be done to get things turned around? Should the SlimFast business be sold? Was the acquisition a mistake? Why did things look so good at the time of the acquisition and so dismal now? 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Did Unilever pay too much to acquire Ben & Jerry’s? Is there any reason to believe that Ben & Jerry’s might be a better performer as part of Unilever than it would be a standalone enterprise? What problems will Unilever be likely to encounter with its Ben & Jerry’s acquisition? 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Did Unilever pay too much to acquire Best Foods? Why or why not? What is your assessment of Best Foods’ recent performance and business portfolio? Is Best Foods a good strategic fit? 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is your assessment of the caliber of Unilever’s lineup of businesses and brands as of late 2003? Did the acquisitions of SlimFast, Ben & Jerry’s, and Bestfoods enhance Unilever’s portfolio? Why or why not? 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How does Unilever’s product/brand portfolio stack up against those of its chief competitors? 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What issues does Unilever management need to be concerned about? What problems do you see as of late 2003?

Marxist, Neoclassical and Deep ecologist theories of ecological crises

According to Marxist theory the fundamental causes of environmental degradation is the mode of production that comes into contradiction with the natural processes. It is only capital accumulation that is taken into consideration, but the value of environment is given little attention. The mode of capitalist production is designed in such a manner to yield the biggest returns in terms of profits within the shortest time possible. This mode of production does not integrate the natural process.The capitalistic growth does not consider the time required for the resources to regenerate or formation. The mode of production has also been spread over the globe and does not respect the already existing social organizations (Kovel, 2007). The production and supply of energy is supposed to go ahead without interfering with the natural environment including the flora and the fauna. Marxist approaches argue that environmental degradation does not result from lack of wisdom in capitalist mode of p roduction, but result due to the logic that underline the system.The call for environmental protection that would result to qualitative growth as advocated by social democrats is stymied by the logic of capitalists (Eckersley, 2005). The flow of individual capitalist is determined by the rationality of capitalists, but the whole system become irrational due to competition among capital, innovative processes to improve on the mode of production and save on raw materials that does not materialize due to unfair competition. For this reason there is nobody who cares for the welfare of the environment and thus water, soil, air are polluted.Unfair competition has resulted to overproduction problems. This means that natural resources are overexploited into production of non profitable goods and services. Violations of environmental regulations have resulted due to this unfair competition in search of super profits (Kovel, 2007). This can be identified by such criminal behavior of use of su bstances that have been inadequately tested, use of harmful and toxic substances, dumping of toxic wastes in unauthorized places, use of chemical labels with false statement (Eckersley, 2005).Marxist theory of imperialists metropolises argue that most advanced environmental degradation resulting from economic growth is in the most developed countries. There is economic exploitation due to economic quantification of social, natural and historic substrata in these countries is governed by commodity production which has resulted to fragmentation of social processes which were used in production there is competition among owners of the centralized properties which have led to environmental problems in imperialist countries.There is much use of land to create business premises, industries, theme parks and other structures which have facilitated much traffic and commuting time, but the structure of needs have not been changed. There is much traffic congestion in these metropolitan areas d ue to traffic policing on the private cars on the use of petroleum fuel. This is a threat to these places (Eckersley, 2005). Centralization of property has demanded building of energy firms especially nuclear power stations and fossil fuels which are a threat to the air quality and are not rational in economic use of energy.In market production they see it advantageous to throw away, burn, flush out what they consider unimportant and this have contributed to waste problem (Kovel, 2007). The consequences of this is much waste in the environment a characteristic of capitalist overabundance which have resulted to environmental problems of; urban sprawl, destruction of ecological systems over congestion, air pollution, release of radioactive substances building up of toxic substances and wastes etc (Benton, 1996). The environmental failures cannot be corrected by capitalism.The environmental resources of water, air, soil, and wood are wasted polluted and degraded often without control b y capitalism these environmental resources are considered as exogenous factors in economy i. e. they are factors of making profit. The limited nature of natural resources is seen by those buyers of them but the sellers interest is to expound on them and don’t see the need to safeguard them. The current push for capitalist is deregulation that is controlling to the attempts made of controlling the exploitation of the natural resources.Otherwise they are contemplated on false premise that the good profits (environmentally friendly) and bad profits can be distinguished on the laws of value. The imperialist countries have designed their structure of the economy as to give end of pipe solution already when the harm has already been done. This has very little remedies to the environmental problems. The consumers within capitalist production have been shaped and have aggravated ecological crisis. The individual change however can contribute very little in searching for the solution of environmental degradation (Benton, 1996).Ecological problems in developing countries have been seen to be as a result of poverty. According to Marxist poverty in these countries is as a result of imperialist action and their economic policies but is not an outcome of fate. Environmental problems in imperialist countries are as a result of affluence and not due to market economy. The poor people have become the victims and agents of environmental degradation. In most developing countries there is shortage of basic commodities especially fuel, food and water.The environmental problems faced by the developing countries have the origin of capitalist production. Imperialist countries have dominated the world market and depend on developing countries for raw materials of their industry and this have contributed to overexploitation of natural resources in these countries. The imperialist countries have designed economic structure that are dependent on the world market and have imposed t hem to the developing countries. For this reason the environmental resources are chosen on this basis for export to facilitate production in the imperialist countries.The pressure falls on the poor people in their environments. The impact of exploitation of environmental resources is widely felt in developing countries than in capitalist metropolises. According to Marxist environmentally degrading dynamics and organizing contradictions of World Bank are carried to the developing countries. The actions of the World Bank are devastating and incorporable weaker forces oppose it . raw materials are exploited for world market and there is parallel development of such things like roads, power –plants etc.There is also heavy clearance of land to pave way for pasture land or farm land to produce products for export and use of pesticides, chemical fertilizers that have resulted to pollution. The action of the World Bank raise a question about the poor people since they are pushed to r egions marginalized and therefore burns forest to pave way for farming. Cutting hillsides settling in flood prone areas or in arid zones etc contributing to ecological crisis (O'Connor, 1997). According to Marxist this question about the growth of cities in the developing countries is causing environmental problems.These cities have also resulted to waste disposal problems since dump wastes in unauthorized places. There are also energy shortages in these countries. The problems of the developing countries are aggravated by debts to imperialist countries and World Bank which often mean exploitation of more resources for export and thus increase in the level of poverty capitalist countries also transfer hazardous materials into the developing world and therefore pollute their environment. According to Marxist seeking to solve environmental problems of the developing world is a serious problem that often does not materialize.Credits and debts given to them only compound the problem and what is supposed to be done is reduce depending on the imperialist countries (O'Connor, 1997). The system of bureaucratic societies has also resulted to similar environmental problems as in imperialist countries. The reason for this is that they have only overcome the capitalist laws of value only partially but they have depend on capitalist and world market dependency on technological progress of the imperialist economies has also contributed to environmental degradation. Bureaucratization was expected to develop a social economy but it eliminated democracy.The issue of environments was only addressed in small departments. Deep ecology is based on the idea that the environment is supposed to stay intact and does not exist to serve human beings. According to deep ecology species have the right to exist no matter the unfaithfulness to their human being (Orton, 1999) Deep ecology places value on biodiversity which is necessary to the flourishing of both living and nonliving. Accordin g to this approach the origin of ecological crisis can be located on the systems of human beliefs, i. e. either religious or philosophical. Human beings are seen to dominate nature (O'Connor, 1997).According to the deep ecologist the right to live for all living things is universal and cannot be quantified. Therefore even human beings cannot be excluded from biotic community. It is believed that members of biotic community are supposed to preserve its integrity beauty and stability (Orton, 1999) Deep ecology shows that the civilization of human beings has damaged the integrity of nature. Ecosystem can absorb limited amount of water only if they do not exceed the carrying capacity. Through this approach ecologist have shown that human activities have changed the biosphere from its natural state.Deep ecologist gives holistic approach to environmental problems. The field of deep ecology uses two approaches i. e. scientific and deep ecology. Scientific ecology explains the relationship between living species of the earth and the environment (Orton, 1999). The field uses four directions i. e. Spirituality, Ideas, Feelings and Action. Spirituality tries to explain our relationship with what we see as sacred. Live here is seen as being sacred and it is believed that the power of life acts through the work of the earth recovery. Ideas on the other hand are based on idea that we are parts of nature rather than outsiders of nature.As part of nature we should use the ability to develop the ecosystem rather than destroy them. We should be the stewards of the environment rather than have dominion over it. Feelings unable us to see the state of the nature since we are part of it. As stewards we act according to these feelings. As environmental stewards we act for live (Orton, 1999) Marxist, Neoclassical and Deep ecologist theories of ecological crises. Neoclassical theory originated from several abstraction i. e. individualistic utility theory, firm theory and market theory . .Neoclassical values economy more other than anything else.Ecosystem is seen as just mere elements within the economy. In contrast to Marxist theory and deep ecology, neoclassical do not recognize the physical limits of nature and therefore they support for infinite growth. They hold that he failure that have resulted to ecological crisis occur due to lack of market values. However neoclassical economics have tried to integrate environmental issues in the market systems. This is contrary to Marxist theory, where Marxist sees all the environmental issues as a result of capitalism production. Neoclassical economist believes that markets will make everything right.In reality neoclassical do little to account for value of environment (Laferriere & Stoett, 1999). According to neoclassical economics market failures occur in three instances i. e. externalities, imperfect structure and public goods. Externalities in neoclassical economic approaches, crisis results due to negative external ities that result to inefficiency in the market. In this approach what is considered to be an externality is something that is external and is not determined by the nature. An example is where waste effluent from a firm is discharged into a water course resulting to water pollution.According to neoclassical economics this only happens because the value of the community water is not accounted for in the cost of production since this value is not available in the market tot be purchased by the community (Laferriere & Stoett, 1999). . This is contrary to Marxist theory and deep ecology approach. Marxist theory argues that such ecological crisis does not arise because of lack of wisdom but money driven factor which are aimed at maximizing profit. Deep ecology on the other hand has explained our actions towards the environment using the four directions as mentioned earlier.In this approach our actions towards the environment should be that of stewardship and such actions of discharging e ffluent into water body does not support the integrity, beauty and stability of nature and therefore this is wrong. According to Marxist theory, the environment is therefore undervalued, unprotected and polluted. Even where neoclassical economics call for internalizing the externalities so that amount of pollution is obtained. It is contrary to deep ecology since deep ecology support for the integrity of nature (Plumwood, 2002).The denial that externality only results from diversions from the real world lead to structures that are irrelevant to all the living things and the environment according to deep ecology approaches to ecological crisis. This is because it is only in the real world human being and other species live and therefore the models do not prescribe solutions to the problems that already exist in it. Moreover environment is treated as a thing that can be abstracted, exploited according to this approach of negative externalities regardless of the fact that it is dynamic living component.To place value on the environmental components so that they can be internalized in market it is contrary to Marxist theory since this value is placed only due to individual preferences. Such evaluation of environmental goods is hypothetical markets, contingent market valuation etc which have resulted to interference with the integrity of nature since nature is complex and human being cannot successfully value it. In neoclassical economic methods it remains clear that environment is a commodity that can be substituted once hedonic pricing and anthropocentric allocation of prices has been successfully determined (Plumwood, 2002).The values of natural resources are not prioritized by the market mechanism and it is only the exchange value base that is considered (Laferriere & Stoett, 1999). This is in contrast to deep ecology since resources under this doctrine should be part of nature and they have value in themselves and should be allowed to pursue their own good. In contrary resources are valued if they bring environmental benefits that can be evaluated or economic benefits according to neoclassical economists.It therefore means that species with no use value which have been attached to them have no any effect on optimal allocation of resources. Human beings have limited knowledge about the biodiversity, biophysical and therefore optimal valuation of the components of the environment often leads to irrational choices. Therefore market failure is not the problem or the one that brings the conflict between environment and the economic activities. The conflict merely arises due to impossibilities of the market structure to place a reasonable value of all the components of the environment in the real world (Plumwood, 2002).Ecological crisis have resulted to irreversible changes to earth and its inhabitants. Damage to the environment has threatened many species of the earth. Initially the issue was infinite growth which cannot be supported by our f inite earth. The threats created by ecological destructions can be dealt with by altering the concepts of economic growth . this is in contrast with neoclassical approaches that support market economies and holds that the crisis are due to market failure (Foster, 1997).The ecological crises are threatening the species of the earth. According to Marxist and deep ecologist crisis result from human activities that impact on the earth. According to Marxist there is need to change the mode of production and there is no need to wait for scientific evidence of their ecological consequences. However this is contrary to neoclassical economics where some firms are still maintaining harmful production techniques with little technological innovations the technological progress instead is acting on environment and destroying it.The industrial revolution of the 19th century resulted to production of much waste that polluted the environment. The wastes had consequences of degrading the environment and also threatening the health of all human being especially occupational workers since 19th century ecological degradation has become fast and furious. Ecological degradation is an outcome of technological advancement with little care of nature. This occurred on the eve of 19th century with innovation of cars petroleum use, the rise of chemical industry and agricultural sectors with heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides.The issue of planned economics and industrialization of the third world has also contributed to qualitative leap of resources (Benton, 1996). Deep ecologist has deep understanding of the nature. Marxist on the other hand analyzed the society and excluded co-evolutionary understanding of the relationship between nature and human beings. According to deep ecology analysis of nature the two cannot be vied as separate entities or independent bodies. Rather, sees the two as co-evolutionally and they change each other in dynamic processes.The historical forces and soc ial forces forms the basis in which human beings treat the environment Marxist’s assert that historical materialism in economic degradation is designed with structures that are degrading environment systematically and are exceeding the carrying capacity of the earth (Burkett, 1999). This is contrary to the views of neoclassical economists. Therefore they have caused much environmental degradation instead of establishing a co- evolutionary relationship.For Marxist there is both crisis of nature and social crisis that have resulted to ecological crisis. The ecological crisis has resulted due to the mode of production and reproduction that are designed to exploit the resources (Burkett, 1999). Marxist theory agree that human being have become both agents and victims of the ecological crisis and this has been evidenced by; social alienation malnutrition and pollution and poisoning to the environmental components in which human being depend and also see capitalism as being as spec ific historic form.( Benton, 1996). Bourgeois society which is criticized Marxist but supported by neoclassical economics is created by capital which also results to appropriation of nature and the social bonds to the members of the society. The great civilization of man results to nature being seen as an object for human beings, which is supposed to be utilized and fail to be recognized (Burkett, 1999). The discovery of the laws of the nature is seen as merely ruse in order to subjugate it to human needs as objects of utilization or facilitate production.Bibliography Barry J, Eckersley (2005): The State and the Global Ecological Crisis. ISBN-13: 978-0-262-52435-3, MIT Press. Benton T (1996): The Greening of Marxism. ISBN 157230118X. Guilford Press. Burkett P (1999): Marx and Nature: A Red and Green Perspective. ISBN 0312219407, St. Martin's Press. Eckersley R (2004): The Green State: Rethinking Democracy and Sovereignty, ISBN 0262050749, MIT Press. Foster, John Bellamy (1997): The Crisis of the Earth. Organization & Environment (journal), Vol. 10, No.3, 278-295 DOI: 10. 1177/0921810697103003 Kovel J (2007): The Enemy of Nature, ISBN: 9781842778715 Laferriere E, Stoett J (1999): International Relations Theory and Ecological Thought: Towards a Synthesis, ISBN-13: 978-0415164795, Routledge. O'Connor J (1997): Natural Causes: Essays in Ecological Marxism. SBN 1572302739, Guilford Press Orton D (1999): Deep Ecology and Criticism, ISBN: 0-8476-8929-8, Littlefield. Plumwood V (2002): Environmental Culture: The Ecological Crisis of Reason. ISBN 0415178770, Routledge

Financial Derivative Case Studies Essay

INTRODUCTION Financial derivatives have crept into the nation’s popular economic vocabulary on a wave of recent publicity about serious financial losses suffered by municipal governments, well-known corporations, banks and mutual funds that had invested in these products. Congress has held hearings on derivatives and financial commentators have spoken at length on the topic. Derivatives, however remain a type of financial instrument that few of us understand and fewer still fully appreciate, although many of us have invested indirectly in derivatives by purchasing mutual funds or participating in a pension plan whose underlying assets include derivative products. In a way, derivatives are like electricity. Properly used, they can provide great benefit. If they are mishandled or misunderstood, the results can be catastrophic. Derivatives are not inherently â€Å"bad.† When there is full understanding of these instruments and responsible management of the risks, financial derivatives can be useful tools in pursuing an investment strategy. DERIVATIVES: A derivative is a contractual relationship established by two (or more) parties where payment is based on (or â€Å"derived† from) some agreed-upon benchmark. Since individuals can â€Å"create† a derivative product by means of an agreement, the types of derivative products that can be developed are limited only by the human imagination. Therefore, there is no definitive list of derivative products. Why Have Derivatives? Derivatives are risk-shifting devices. Initially, they were used to reduce exposure to changes in foreign exchange rates, interest rates, or stock indexes. For example, if an American company expects payment for a shipment of goods in British Pound Sterling, it may enter into a derivative contract with another party to reduce the risk that the exchange rate with the U.S. Dollar will be more unfavorable at the time the bill is due and paid. Under the derivative instrument, the other party is obligated to pay the company the amount due at the exchange rate in effect when the derivative contract was executed. By using a derivative product, the company has shifted the risk of exchange rate movement to another party. More recently, derivatives have been used to segregate categories of investment risk that may appeal to different investment strategies used by mutual fund managers, corporate treasurers or pension fund administrators. These investment managers may decide that it is more beneficial to assume a specific â€Å"risk† characteristic of a security. For instance, several derivative products may be created based on debt securities that represent an interest in a pool of residential home mortgages. One derivative product may provide that the purchaser receives only the interest payments made on the mortgages while another product may specify that the purchaser receives only the principal payments. These derivative products, which react differently to movements in interest rates, may have specific appeal to different investment strategies employed by investment managers. The financial markets increasingly have become subject to greater â€Å"swings† in interest rate movements than in past decades. As a result, financial derivatives have appealed to corporate treasurers who wish to take advantage of favorable interest rates in the management of corporate debt without the expense of issuing new debt securities. For example, if a corporation has issued long term debt with an interest rate of 7 percent and current interest rates are 5 percent, the corporate treasurer may choose to exchange (i.e., Swap), interest rate payments on the long term debt for a floating interest rate, without disturbing the underlying principal amount of the debt itself. RISK INVOLE IN DERIVATIVES: There are four risk associated with derivatives. * Market risk * Operational risk * Counter party credit risk * Legal risk Market risk: The risk to earnings from adverse movements in market prices. Operational risk: The risk of losses occurring as a result of inadequate systems and control, human error, or management failure. Counter party credit risk: The risk that a party to a derivative contract will fail to perform on its obligation. Exposure to counterparty credit risk is determined by the cost of replacing a contract if a counterparty (as a party to a derivatives contract is known) were to default. Legal risk: The risk of loss because a contract is found not to be legally enforceable. Derivatives are legal contracts. Like any other contract, they require a legal infrastructure to provide for the resolution of conflicts and the enforcement of contract provisions. CORPORATION: BARING: Barings PLC was the oldest merchant bank in Great Britain. Founded in 1762. With total shareholder equity of  £440 million, it was far from the largest or most important banking organization in Great Britain. Barings had long enjoyed a reputation as a conservatively run institution. But that reputation was shattered on February 24, 1995, when Peter Baring, the bank’s chairman, contacted the Bank of England to explain that a trader in the firm’s Singapore futures subsidiary had lost huge sums of money speculating on Nikkei-225 stock index futures and options. In the days that followed, investigators found that the bank’s total losses exceeded US$1 billion, a sum large enough to bankrupt the institution. STRATEGIES AND TRANSACTION: CONTEXT: In 1992, Barings sent Nicholas Leeson, a clerk from its London office, to manage the back-office accounting and settlement operations at its Singapore futures subsidiary. Baring Futures (Singapore), hereafter BFS, was established to enable Barings to execute trades on the Singapore International Monetary Exchange (SIMEX). The subsidiary’s profits were expected to come primarily from brokerage commissions for trades executed on behalf of customers and other Barings subsidiaries. Most of BFS’s business was concentrated in executing trades for a limited number of financial futures and options contracts. These were the Nikkei-225 contract, the 10 year Japanese Government Bond (JGB) contract, the three-month Euroyen contract, and options on those contracts (known as futures options). The Nikkei-225 contract is a futures contract whose value is based on the Nikkei-225 stock index, an index of the aggregate value of the stocks of 225 of the largest corporations in Japan. The JGB contract is for the future delivery of ten-year Japanese government bonds. The Euroyen contract is a futures contract whose value is determined by changes in the three-month Euroyen deposit rate. A futures option is a contract that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a futures contract at a stipulated price on or before some specified expiration date. STRATEGIES: During late 1992 or early 1993, Leeson was named general manager and head trader of BFS. Leeson never relieved his authority over the subsidiary’s back-office operations when his responsibilities expanded including trading. Barings’s management understood that such trading involved arbitrage in Nikkei-225 stock index futures and 10-year Japanese Government Bond (JGB) futures. Both contracts trade on SIMEX and the Osaka Securities Exchange (OSE). Leeson soon embarked upon a much riskier trading strategy. Rather than engaging in arbitrage, as Barings management believed, he began placing bets on the direction of price movements on the Tokyo stock exchange. Leeson’s reported trading profits were spectacular. His earnings soon came to account for a significant share of Barings total profits; the bank’s senior management regarded him as a star performer. After Barings failed, however, investigators found that Leeson’s reported profits had been fictitious from the start. By manipulating information on his trading activity, Leeson was able to conceal his trading losses and report large profits instead. A major part of Leeson’s trading strategy involved the sale of options on Nikkei-225 futures contracts. The seller of an option earns a premium in return for accepting the obligation to buy or sell the underlying item at a stipulated strike price. If the option expires â€Å"out-of-the money,† the option premium becomes the seller’s profit. If prices turn out to be more volatile than expected, however, an option seller’s potential losses are virtually unlimited. Sometime in 1994, Leeson began selling large numbers of option straddles, a strategy that involved the simultaneous sale of both calls and puts on Nikkei-225 futures. TRANSACTION: Leeson’s trading losses from 1992 through the end of February 1995. By the end of 1992—just a few months after he had begun trading—Leeson had accumulated a hidden loss of  £2 million. until October 1993, when his losses began to rise sharply. He lost another  £21 million in 1993 and  £185 million in 1994. Total cumulative losses at the end of 1994 stood at  £208 million. That amount was slightly larger than the  £205 million profit reported by the Barings Group as a whole, before accounting for taxes and for  £102 million in scheduled bonuses. By January 1, 1995, Leeson was short 37,925 Nikkei calls and 32,967 Nikkei puts. He also held a long position of just over 1,000 contracts in Nikkei stock index futures, which would gain in value if the stock market were to rise. WHAT WENT WRONG? HOW WAS THE LOSS ACCUMULATED? Disaster struck on January 17 when news of a violent earthquake in Kobe, Japan, sent the Japanese stock market into a tailspin. Over the next five days, the Nikkei index fell over 1,500 points Leeson’s options positions sustained a loss of  £68 million. As stock prices fell, he began buying massive amounts of Nikkei stock index futures. By February 6, the Japanese stock market had recovered by over 1,000 points, making it possible for Leeson to recoup most of the losses resulting from the market’s reaction to the earthquake. cumulative losses on that date totaled  £253 million, about 20 percent higher than they had been at the start of the year but within some days market began to fall again making losses to multiply. Barings faced massive margin calls as Leeson’s losses mounted. While these margin calls raised eyebrows at the bank’s London and Tokyo offices, they did not prompt an immediate inquiry into Leeson’s activities. It was not until Feb ruary 6 that Barings’s group treasurer, Tony Hawes, flew to Singapore to investigate irregularities with the accounts at BFS. Barings had committed a total of  £742 million to finance margin calls for BFS. WHO WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE LOSS? Some observers blame this lack of communication on the rivalry between the two exchanges. Communication between SIMEX and the OSE was minimal, however this lack of communication not only helped make it possible for Leeson to accumulate large losses but also hampered efforts to contain the damage once Barings collapsed. The exchange’s attitude toward Barings was influenced in part by the bank’s strong international reputation, but its willingness to relax normal risk management guidelines also may have been attributable to its desire to attract business. Events surrounding the collapse of Barings have served to highlight weaknesses in risk management on the part of SIMEX and other futures exchanges. Barings’ collapse was due to the unauthorized and ultimately catastrophic activities of, it appears, one individual (Leeson) that went undetected as a consequence of a failure of management and other internal controls of the most basic kind. Management failed at various levels and in a variety of ways WHAT LESSONS ARE TO BE LEARNED FROM THE CASE/ DISASTER? HIGHLIGHTED WEAKNESS: (1) The lack of communication between securities and futures exchanges and regulators in different countries, and (2) Conflicting laws on the legal status of customer accounts at futures brokers and clearing agents in the event of insolvency. These weaknesses can be addressed only by increased international cooperation among futures exchanges, regulators, and lawmakers. * Management teams have a duty to understand fully the businesses they manage. * Responsibility for each business activity has to be clearly established and communicated. * Clear segregation of duties is fundamental to any effective control system. * Relevant internal controls, including independent risk management, have to be established for all business activities. * Top management and the Audit Committee have to ensure that significant weaknesses, identified to them by internal audit or otherwise, are resolved quickly. METALLGESELLSCHAFT: Metallgesellschaft AG (hereafter, MG) is a large industrial conglomerate engaged in a wide range of activities, from mining and engineering to trade and financial services. In December 1993, the firm reported huge derivatives-related losses at its U.S. oil subsidiary, Metallgesellschaft Refining and Marketing (MGRM). STRATEGIES AND TRANSACTION: CONTEXT: In 1992, MGRM began implementing an aggressive marketing program in which it offered long-term price guarantees on deliveries of gasoline, heating oil, and diesel fuels for up to five or ten years. The first was a â€Å"firm fixed† program, under which a customer agreed to fixed monthly deliveries at fixed prices. The second, known as the â€Å"firm-flexible† contract, specified a fixed price and total volume of future deliveries but gave the customer some flexibility to set the delivery schedule. STRATEGY: By September 1993, MGRM had committed to sell forward the equivalent of over 150 million barrels of oil for delivery at fixed prices, with most contracts for terms of ten years. Both types of contracts included options for early termination. These â€Å"cash-out provisions† permitted customers to call for cash settlement on the full volume of outstanding deliveries if market prices for oil rose above the contracted price. Its contracted delivery prices reflected a premium of $3 to $5 per barrel over the prevailing spot price of oil. MGRM sought to offset the exposure resulting from its delivery commitments by buying a combination of short-dated oil swaps and futures contracts as part of a strategy known as a â€Å"stack-and-roll† hedge. TRANSACTION: In its simplest form, a stack-and-roll hedge involves repeatedly buying a bundle, or â€Å"stack,† of short dated futures or forward contracts to hedge a longer-term exposure. Each stack is rolled over just before expiration by selling the existing contracts while buying another stack of contracts for a more distant delivery date; hence the term stack-and-roll. MGRM implemented its hedging strategy by maintaining long positions in a wide variety of contract months, which it shifted between contracts for different oil products (crude oil, gasoline, and heating oil) in a manner intended to minimize the costs of rolling over its positions. Had oil prices risen, the accompanying gain in the value of MGRM’s hedge would have produced positive cash flows that would have offset losses stemming from its commitments to deliver oil at below-market prices. As it happened, however, oil prices fell even further in late 1993. Moreover, declines in spot and near-term oil futures and forward prices significantly exceeded declines in long-term forward prices. As a result, contemporaneous realized losses. WHAT WENT WRONG? HOW WAS THE LOSS ACCUMULATED? Decline in oil prices caused funding problems for MGRM. The practice in futures markets of marking futures contracts to market at the end of each trading session forced the firm to recognize its futures trading losses immediately, triggering huge margin calls. Normally, forward contracts have the advantage of permitting hedgers to defer recognition of losses on long-term commitments. But MGRM’s stack-and-roll hedge substituted short-term forward contracts (in the form of short-term energy swaps maturing in late 1993) for long-term forward contracts. As these contracts matured, MGRM was forced to make large payments to its counterparties, putting further pressure on its cash flows. At the same time, most offsetting gains on its forward delivery commitments were deferred. MG reported losses of DM 1.8 billion on its operations for the fiscal year ended September 30, 1993, in addition to the DM 1.5 billion loss auditors attributed to its hedging program as of the same date. WHO WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE LOSS? MG’s board of supervisors fired the firm’s chief executive and installed new management. The board instructed MG’s new managers to begin liquidating MGRM’s hedge and to enter into negotiations to cancel its long-term contracts with its customers. This action further complicated matters. The actions of MG’s board of supervisors in this incident have spurred widespread debate and criticism, as well as several lawsuits. Some analysts argue that MGRM’s hedging program was seriously flawed and that MG’s board was right to terminate it. Others, including Nobel Prize-winning economist Merton Miller, argue that the hedging program was sound and that MG’s board exacerbated any hedging-related losses by terminating the program too early. WHAT LESSONS ARE TO BE LEARNED FROM THE CASE/ DISASTER? Considering the debate over the merits of MGRM’s hedging strategy, it would seem naive simply to blame the firm’s problems on its speculative use of derivatives. It is true that MGRM’s hedging program was not without risks. But the firm’s losses are attributable more to operational risk—the risk of loss caused by inadequate systems and control or management failure—than to market risk. If MG’s supervisory board is to be believed, the firm’s previous management lost control of the firm and then acted to conceal its losses from board members. If one sides with the firm’s previous managers (as well as with Culp, Hanke, and Miller), then the supervisory board and its bankers misjudged the risks associated with MGRM’s hedging program and panicked when faced with large, short-term funding demands. Either way, the loss was attributable to poor management. FINAL CONCLUSION OF BOTH CASES: The cases of Metallgesellschaft and Barings provide an interesting study in contrasts. Both cases involve exchange-traded derivatives contracts. In both cases, senior management has been criticized for making an insufficient effort to understand fully the activities of their firms’ subsidiaries and for failing to monitor and supervise the activities of those subsidiaries adequately. But while critics have faulted MG’s management for overreacting to the large margin calls faced by one of its subsidiaries, Barings’s management has been faulted for being overly complacent in the face of a large number of warning signs. If these two disparate incidents offer any single lesson, it is the need for senior management to understand the nature of the firm’s activities and the risks that those activities involve.

Manas National Park or Manas Wildlife Sanctuary Essay Essays

Manas National Park or Manas Wildlife Sanctuary Essay Essays Manas National Park or Manas Wildlife Sanctuary Essay Paper Manas National Park or Manas Wildlife Sanctuary Essay Paper Essay Topic: The Wild Duck Manas National Park or Manas Wildlife Sanctuary is a Wildlife Sanctuary. UNESCO Natural World Heritage site. a Undertaking Tiger Reserve. an Elephant Reserve and a Biosphere Reserve in Assam. India. Located in the Himalayan foothills. it is immediate with the Royal Manas National park in Bhutan. The park is known for its rare and endangered endemic wildlife such as the Assam Roofed Turtle. Hispid Hare. Golden Langur and Pygmy Hog. Their end is to be able to to the full fund the saving and maintain the sanctuary alive and booming for many old ages to come. This is an attempt that will take everyone that is involved aid. One peculiar ecological singularity is the flora: The Burma Monsoon Forests of Manas prevarication on the boundary lines between the Indo-Gangetic and Indo-Malayan biogeographical kingdom and is portion of the Brahmaputra Valley Biogeographic Province. The combination of Sub-Himalayan Bhabar Terai formation with riverine sequence taking up to Sub-Himalayan mountain forest makes it one of the richest biodiversity countries in the universe. The chief flora types are: Sub-Himalayan Light Alluvial Semi-evergreen woods in the northern parts. * East Himalayan assorted Moist and Dry Deciduous woods ( the most common type ) . * Low Alluvial Savanna Woodland. and * Assam Valley Semi-Evergreen Alluvial Grasslands which cover about 50 % of the Park. Animals in the sanctuary: * The sanctuary has recorded 55 species of mammals. 380 species of birds. 50 of reptilians. and 3 species of amphibious vehicles. Out of these wildlife. 21 mammals are India’s Schedule I mammals and 31 of them are threatened. The zoology of the sanctuary include Asiatic Elephants Indian Rhinoceros. Gaurs. Asiatic Water Buffaloes. Barasingha. Tigers. Leopards. Clouded Leopards. Asiatic aureate cat. Capped Langurs. Golden Langurs. Assamese Macaques. Slow Loris. Hoolock Gibbons. Smooth-coated Otters. Sloth Bears. Barking Deer. Hog Deer. Sambar Deer and Chital. * The park is good known for its rare and endangered wildlife which is non found anyplace else in the universe like the Assam Roofed Turtle. Hispid Hare. Golden Langur and Pygmy Hog. Manas houses about 380 species of birds. Manas have the largest population of endangered Bengal Florican. The major other birds includes Giant Hornbills. Jungle Fowls. Bulbuls. Brahminy Ducks. Kalij Pheasants. Egrets. Pelicans. Fishing Eagles. Serpent Eagles. Falcons. Scarlet Minivets. Bee-Eaters. Magpie Robins. Pied Hornbills. Grey Hornbills. Mergansers. Harriers. Ospreys and Herons. Two major biomes exist in Manas and they are the grassland biome and the forest biome. The biological interrelatedness among the life signifiers in the country reasonably much coexists with each other as anywhere else in the universe where there are marauders and quarries but with the aid of people to regulate their environment a small spot so that the species survive and don’t become nonextant. Their was rather a spot of human invasions exactly a century ago the British Government declared Manas as a protected country and hunting and violent death of wildlife was banned. In 1928. the name Manas Wildlife Sanctuary was inscribed and by 1955 Manas was about 391sq kilometers big. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary was declared as a Tiger Reserve in 1973 ; which was amongst the first in the state and was besides declared as the World Heritage site under the N ( two ) ( three ) ( four ) in the twelvemonth 1985. In 1989. the position of â€Å"Biosphere Reserve† was besides granted to Manas. In the twelvemonth 1990. the centre declared this part as â€Å"Manas National Park† . A batch of attempt has been made and accomplishments such as at least 47 poachers around the Manas National Park surrendered to MMES their manus made guns. MMES have employed most of these ex-poachers as guards paying them monthly wages. MMES besides established the MMCA or the Conservation Area which the society is responsible for. Constructing roads and Bridgess in the country and care of these roads for the past few old ages have been entirely the MMMES accomplishments. Domestic every bit good as foreign tourers visit the topographic point and eco-tourism is deriving impulse. MES is thirstily looking for contributions so that their enthusiasm and willingness to back up preservation takes a mercenary way. Most of the times MMES is in demand of support and they depend on the tourers or subscribers to assist them financially. If Manas revives back to a stable province which I think is rather possible. MMES would hold played a powerful function in this attempt. In fact. the Maozigendri male childs are an illustration for the young person of this state to step frontward and protect Mother Nature who is most vulnerable to devastation. The Manas Maozigendri Eco-tourism society stands tall as an model organisation with a batch of passion and enormous wildlife preservation values. So we as that people began to take part and back up our wildlife savings and the diverseness of the country. Preservation through Communication Preservation through communicating can be reached through publications. newssheets and community and outreach activities. Teaming up with Wilderness Committee’s to host an educational slideshows. Thingss like this can be really enlightening for illustration â€Å"Over 50 people came out to listen to Caribou Biologist. Dave Quinn. discourse one of BC’s most endangered species. Over 700 people attended the Hyde Creek Salmon Festival in November and NWPS was one of the many environmental groups in attending. They provided a relevant presentation approximately wildlife as a characteristic of the festival. Thankss to a big figure of voluntaries. NWPS is able to continually update their web site to supply current. interesting information. Through their ‘Passion for Wildlife’ plan they engage a figure of people in the readying of educational information about the wildlife they seek to continue. Each twelvemonth many members of the public visit this web site to entree current information about its wildlife instruction and habitat stewardship plans. every bit good as up to day of the month information about wildlife in British Columbia. Preservation through Education Another manner is through instruction through the Wildlife Education Programs in schools. linguistic communication centres. seniors’ places and community centres throughout the part. Through these plans people will be provided with information on wildlife in BC. endangered species and environmental issues. Each twelvemonth they provide an entertaining and enlightening wildlife presentation for over 700 school-aged kids. Preservation through Involvement The NWPS had launched the Nature Walk A ; Workshop Program in 2005. Seven categories from the Lower Mainland participated in the Nature Workshop plan and visited one of the undermentioned natural countries: Lighthouse Park. Bear Creek Park. Capilano River Park. or Burnaby Lake Park. Through this plan. pupils learn about wildlife. visit wildlife home grounds and take part in stewardship activities. Many persons visit natural infinites and learned about wildlife in BC through their Owl Prowl field trips and a particular Earth twenty-four hours plan. Preservation through Stewardship Having the community to help in the saving through stewardship in another avenue. In jubilation of Earth Day 2005. NWPS hosted a trail Restoration event in Deep Cove. BC. Over 20 voluntaries and community members assisted the District of North Vancouver Parks Department by assisting reconstruct a subdivision of the popular Baden-Powell trail. At the terminal of the twenty-four hours. our squad had built an 11-step stairway on the trail and had planted many tree seedlings Animal Rescue Calendar – Supporting Animal Rescue Groups Supporting animate being deliverance groups is a really good manner to back up saving. This twelvemonth NWPS produced a TISOL Animal Rescue Calendar. They reached another 5. 000 people and cemented working relationships with over 12 groups. They have planned for this run to break-even for this twelvemonth and have established a platform for greater success in the hereafter. Outreach Funding – Support from Communities Annual outreach runs can make people out of your arm range. And you do this by inquiring them to prosecute in back uping the environment through our instruction plans. If invasion goes unchecked the doomed for the saving will be great. We truly have to look at the large image here when we see this because it is non a little job. to some it may be but this sort of invasion could do many species to go nonextant. Can you conceive of ten old ages from now non being able to demo your kid. or grandchildren what a Bengal Tiger looks like. I mean to literally non be able to see the menagerie and have to state you child that this peculiar animate being no longer exists. This will go on to many species if certain safeguards are non takes. Wildlife is merely every bit valuable as our ain ; it creates a balance here on this Earth. Mention hypertext transfer protocol: //whc. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. org/en/list/338 hypertext transfer protocol: //www. wild-india. com/WildlifeSanctuaries/manas-wild-sanctuary. hypertext markup language

How to Make a Glowing Flower

How to Make a Glowing Flower Use chemistry to make a real flower glow in the dark. Glowing Flower - Method #1 Test a highlighter pen to make sure it glows under black (fluorescent) light. Yellow is reliable, but some other colors glow brightly, too.Use a knife or saw to cut open the pen and expose the fibers which contain the ink. Remove the ink strip.Squeeze dye from the ink pad into a small amount of water.Trim the end of a flower so that it will be able to take up water. Place the flower in the water with the ink.Allow several hours for the flower to absorb the fluorescent ink. When the flower has taken in the ink its petals will glow under black light. Glowing Flower - Method #2 many flowers fluorescent light Pour some tonic water into a vase.Cut the end off of a flower so that it has a fresh surface.Allow several hours for the quinine to be incorporated into the petals of the flower.Turn on a black light and enjoy your flower. Glowing Flower - Method #3 Prepare glowing water using diet tonic water or any color of highlighter that you have established will glow under a black light. Its also possible to use thinned glowing paint.Find a glass or cup that is large enough to accomodate your flower. Fill this container with the glowing liquid.Invert the flower and immerse it in the liquid. Gently swish the flower around to dislodge any air bubbles, since areas with bubbles wont pick up the fluorescent or phosphorescent color.Allow your flower to absorb the dye. Just dipping the flower results in spotty coverage. If you want bright glowing flowers, allow the flowers to absorb the color directly into their petals for an hour or two. You can keep the stem of the flower hydrated by wrapping a bit of dampened paper towel around it.Remove the glowing flower from the liquid. You can place it in a vase filled with water or otherwise display it under a black light. Tips for Making a Glowing Flower White or pale flowers work much better than flowers with deeply colored petals. The pigment in the dark colored flowers blocks nearly all the glowing light.You need fresh healthy flowers. Flowers that are nearly dead wont drink the water and wont glow. Its possible you might be able to inject the ink directly into the flower head, but wouldnt you rather just use a fresh flower?Certain flowers work better than others. Carnations and daisies work better than roses. Basically any flower you can dye with food coloring works well for making a glowing flower. A Note About Glowing Chemicals how to make glowing flowers . If the videos involve giving the flowers a chemical that is already glowing or is fluorescent or phosphorescent under a black light, theres a good chance the instructions are legitimate. However, videos that call for you to mix unlikely chemicals like match heads and peroxide are a scam. Those chemicals will not make your flower glow. Dont be fooled!